I downloaded the OpenWRT (openwrt-ar71xx-generic-tl-mr3020-v1-squashfs-factory) image and uploaded it using the TP-Link WebUI. (...) On my laptop a wireless network appears "carrierwrt-6A65C0"
Oh boy, you seem to have dug yourself into a hole there.
Apparantly, you downloaded your image from http://carrierwrt.org/, not from official OpenWrt repositories. CarrierWrt seems to be an implementation of the anyfi.net software on top of a heavily locked-down OpenWrt. This environment is not intended to power personal routers but rather to extend a carrier's existing network through distributed routers, receiving the credentials to connect from the carrier's network. From this standpoint it makes sense that they also disable the failsafe mechanism.
Cunningly, they don't give any kind of warning that this firmware may make your router useless, and they even name their firmware images indistinguishably from official OpenWrt builds.
To be quite honest, I don't completely understand their published patches, maybe someone who's more versed in reading their patches can help out here. However, I do get that they set a random password to the Wifi, whatever sense that may make. They set all the wired interfaces to WAN (using DHCP) and open the firewall to HTTP and SSH access, so they can access it remotely, but I cannot find any credentials one would have to use to get access.
So you might be lucky: Try to connect your MR3020 to another router that serves DHCP, have it get an IP address, and try to connect to the LuCI interface through that other router. If you're lucky, no root password is set and you can get into the web interface and flash a proper OpenWrt firmware. This time, please, one you download from http://downloads.openwrt.org/
(Last edited by metai on 15 May 2014, 21:19)